Fixing several ancient Toshiba T4400 and what I learnt

I'll summarize what I learnt while working on 3 different T4400, 2 of them being T4400C and 1 being a T4400SX (with a "last gen" plasma screen no less!)

Power supply

The power supplies on all three of them needed a recap, as the laptops would not start otherwise (or sometimes start and stop suddenly). The caps are leaky. Without a heat gun, flux and a good soldering iron, it is very difficult to remove the caps as they ate away the solder. Fortunately, on all three of them PCB traces were oxydated but not to the point of no return. Cleaning with vinegar and isopropyle alcohol, replacing all caps, worked: * 4 x 1000uF * 3 x 150uF * 2 x 56uF * 1 x 82uF

Hard drives

On these old 486 laptops, it is not possible to set the geometry of the HDD, and only a select few HDD are supported. This should be hackable by tweaking the BIOS and rewriting it to the EEPROM, but a bit too much work for me at the moment.

Toshiba MK1122FC HDD2212 (131 MB) (1992)

Got two of those, they are stock. And they need a recap, badly, as the caps leaked on both. One of them got destroyed and I believe this is due to the controller sending out of specs head movements, to the point one head got detached from the arm. * 2 x 100uF 6.3V * 2 x 68uF 6.3V * 1 x 10uF 6.3V

Toshiba MK1302MAN HDD2632 (1.3 GB)

This one is clearly not stock, but amazingly is recognized properly by the BIOS. There are no electrolytic caps on this "modern" HDD and it runs just fine (no bad block, no weird sounds, no strange behavior). However, Windows 95 is installed on it and it seems to recognize only 300 MB. This is strange. I suspect some weird partitioning or someone just cloning and old disk over?!

Display

Plasma display

The T4400SX would display a pixel from time to time, but nothing else. Fortunately, a partial recap fixed the problem entirely, and the plasma display looks like new!

Remove password on a very retro Toshiba T4500

I expected it would be as easy as removing the batteries -- which is a must anyway on those old laptops because battery leaks are just another name for time bombs. Surprisingly for tech that old, the password doesn't seem to be stored in volatile memory. Let's dig!

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OPNsense with NordVPN: Wireguard

I decided to revisit my setup for watching Japanese TV. So far I've been using Wireguard on a Netgear R6220 which has OpenWrt installed; but I want to give OPNsense a try. This will be on a little Protectli Vault FW4C appliance. Most of the tedious steps to retrieve the NordVPN configuration remains valid.

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Fixing an ISA 3Com EtherLink III 3C509B

source code changes

I had the misfortune of plugging this card halfway without realizing it, and to launch 3C5X9CFG to change its base address and IRQ. While flashing seemed OK, the card would then fail the EEPROM Vital Data Test, meaning corrupted EEPROM content, and a card that would no longer work properly. The EEPROM not only stores the current configuration but also more "vital" information such as MAC Address, manufacturing date, model, etc...

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Trying to revive a Western Digital File Card 20

The "hard disk on ISA" card was a trend in the late 80s. I've got one sitting there for years. The reference on the ISA card is WDC 61-000347. The HDD itself is a WD93028-X manufactured in September 1989. It does sound like it could work i.e. no weird noises, spinning OK, heads moving OK  […]

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OpenWrt with NordVPN: Wireguard

I own an OpenWrt router which I want connected to a VPN 24/7. Major VPN providers all support this scenario, however I currently have a NordVPN subscription so let's go with that for now. Wireguard is a bit more complex to setup than OpenVPN as NordVPN doesn't support this scenario. But performances  […]

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OpenWrt with NordVPN: OpenVPN

I own an OpenWrt router which I want connected to a VPN 24/7. Major VPN providers all support this scenario, however I currently have a NordVPN subscription so let's go with that for now. There are 2 main options to run NordVPN on an OpenWrt router: OpenVPN and Wireguard. OpenVPN is the easiest but  […]

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Unraid with NordLynx docker container

Unraid is a fantastic playground, and its docker ecosystem is very nice, making it much more attractive than say, Synology. I subscribed to NordVPN recently -- I've seen too many ads on YouTube maybe. Anyway, I now want to have a VPN available for my other docker apps. It is relatively easy: there  […]

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Unraid installation on a TerraMaster F5-221

I recently acquired a TerraMaster F5-221 to replace two older NAS (a ReadyNAS and a Synology) that were running in parallel. Nothing really wrong with that except maybe for power consumption. However, when the OpenVPN started to act weird on both NAS, I decided an upgrade would be nice. According to reviews, the TerraMaster F5-221 has nice hardware (Intel Apollo J3355)  but poor software, which is a quite common story when it comes to NAS, it seems. It was clear I would replace the OS with something like TrueNAS or openmediavault which have open source roots, but in my research I found Unraid was mentioned quite a lot. Unraid is closed source, it's not free, but it's not very expensive either and it's based on Linux. Also, the app ecosystem is actually based on Docker, which is neat!

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MS-DOS SYS command disk space requirements

This KB is taken from some old microsoft archive, mirrorred on https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/066/Q66530/

Back in the ancient MS-DOS days, If you did not SYS right after FDISK and FORMAT, you could well end up with a "No Room for System on Destination Disk" error.

In one case, it turned out I had to use a 4.0 MS-DOS Bootable disk with SYS to reallocate enough disk space for the OS. I do not use 4.0 otherwise because it's a memory hog, but I could then SYS from a 3.3 MS-DOS, without reformatting! Neat.

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EEPROM (and others) chip IDs

As I bought a very handy TL866 II Plus USB flash programmer to replace my old and trusted Willem parallel programmer, I noticed this newer device could check and enforce chip IDs. As I already knew, many (if not all) of my EEProm chips are fake or at least remarked. Well, as long as they do work  […]

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Which MS-DOS for a Tandy 1000SL?

The Tandy 1000SL is a neat XT compatible with a few tricks: advanced mode with 16 colors and a sound chip!

Unfortunately, it only has 576 KB of available base RAM. So the trick is to find a MS-DOS with the best features for the lowest RAM.

So I decided to make some tests:

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Libretto 50CT Volume Mixer

The Toshiba Libretto 50CT originally came with windows 95. It was not meant to be used with MS-DOS; it does not have a hardware volume control. The Libretto uses an OPL3 sound chip that is Sound Blaster compatible (or the other way around, since SB uses OPL3). However not to the point of being able  […]

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Fix a Compaq Portable III floppy drive

I got a Compaq Portable III for very cheap -- mainly because it was considered dead. Disassembling, cleaning and reassembling it somehow took it back to life, with the exception of the CMOS battery and the floppy drive. I'd usually not mention the CMOS battery, because it is obvious those old  […]

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Floppy Drive USB Emulators

There are many Floppy Drive USB Emulators and not all are equal. Here is a list of GOTEK models: Formatted capacity 1.44MB : SFR1M44-*** 1.2MB : SFR1M2-*** 720Kb : SFRM72-*** Cables IDC34pin+4P power plug IDC26pin withour additional power FPC26 flat cabel 1.0MM pin distance use mdoel SFR***-**26  […]

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AST Premium Exec 386SX/20 missing power supply

Premium_Exec_AST_CS714A_pinout.jpg

I got my hand on a AST Premium Exec 386SX/20 without power supply. Unfortunately the DIN-8 pin is not very standard: This is extracted from the following picture: The power adapter ref is AST CS714A. Sources: AST Premium Exec 386SX/20 missing power supply AST Premium Exec 386SX/20  […]

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